Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana hoʻokele waiwai nui i nā mea hana ʻoihana, ʻo ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā wili lima kila kila e hoʻoholo pololei i ka hilinaʻi a me ke ola lawelawe o nā mea hana ma nā wahi paʻakikī. Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana kemika, ka ʻenekinia moana, nā mea lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ua kau ʻia nā koi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka paʻa o nā wili lima kila kila ma lalo o nā kūlana hana koʻikoʻi e like me ka waikawa ikaika, ka paʻakai paʻakai kiʻekiʻe, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. E kālailai ʻōnaehana kēia ʻatikala i ka mīkini pale corrosion o nā huila kila kila mai nā ana o ka haku mele, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻenehana hou, a kūkākūkā i kāna bottlenecks ʻenehana a me nā hoʻonā i hui pū ʻia me nā hana ʻoihana.
ʻIkepili
1. Nā mea kumu a me nā mīkini pale ʻino o nā huila lima kila
1.1 He kila kuhiliʻole Austenitic (304/316L)
1.2 Duplex kila kila a me super kuhiliʻole kila
2. Ka hopena o ka ʻenehana lapaʻau ma luna o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion
3. Hana i loko o nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi maʻamau
4. ʻO ke ʻano hana ʻino a me ka hoʻolālā pale
1. Nā mea kumu a me nā mīkini pale ʻino o nā huila lima kila
1.1 He kila kuhiliʻole Austenitic (304/316L)
Nā hiʻohiʻona waiwai:
304 kila kila:Loaʻa iā 18-20% chromium a me 8-10% nickel, a hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) ma luna o ka ʻili, hiki ke pale aku i ka corrosion i ka lewa, ka wai hou a me ka waiʻawaʻawa nāwaliwali, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā lako ʻoihana maʻamau.
316L kila kila:ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 2-3% molybdenum (Mo) e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hiki ke pale aku i ka chloride ion pitting corrosion, a hiki ke piʻi ʻia ka mahana pitting koʻikoʻi (CPT) ma luna o 40 degere, kūpono ia no nā wahi paʻakikī e like me ke kai a me ka media chloride.
ʻO ka mīkini pale ʻino:
Palena kiʻiʻoniʻoni Passivation:Hoʻopili ʻo Chromium me ka oxygen e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide 1-3 nanometer mānoanoa, e ālai ana i ke komo ʻana o nā media corrosive.
Alloy element synergy:Kāohi ʻo Molybdenum i ka adsorption chloride ion ma ka hana ʻana iā MoO₄²⁻, a hoʻopaʻa ka nickel i ke ʻano austenite e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka corrosion intergranular.
1.2 Duplex kila kila a me super kuhiliʻole kila
Duplex kila kila (e like me 2205):
Ferrite a me austenite papalua -kapili, me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē i ka chloride stress corrosion māwae (SCC), hua ikaika o 450MPa, kūpono no ka offshore platform valve handwheels.
Ke kila kila nui (e like me 254SMO):
Loaʻa i ka 6% molybdenum a me ka nitrogen, me ka pitting resistance equivalent (PREN) ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua a i ʻole like me 40. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe hydrochloric acid a me sulfuric acid a hoʻohana ʻia no nā huila lima pololei i nā reactors kemika.
2. ʻO ka mana o ka ʻenehana lapaʻau ma luna o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion
Electrolytic polishing:
E ho'ēmi i ka roughness ili (Ra) i lalo o 0.4μm, e ho'ēmi i ka lepo adhesion a me ka kūloko corrosion, a ua kūpono no ka sterile kaiapuni o pharmaceutical lako.
ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke one:
E hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, akā hiki i ka microporous ke hoʻonui i ke komo ʻana o nā ion chloride, a koi ʻia ka mālama passivation.
ʻO ka hoʻopalekana kemika:
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka waikawa nitric a i ʻole ka waikawa citric e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ke kiʻi oxide a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka huila lima i loko o kahi ʻakika.
3. Hana i loko o nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi maʻamau
3.1 Kaiapuni moana a me ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe
Nā pilikia ʻino:
Hoʻopau nā ion Chloride (Cl⁻) i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation, e hoʻopōʻino ai i ka lua a me ka ʻā. Hiki i ke ola o 316L mau huila kila kila ma mua o 3000 mau hola i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakai (ASTM B117).
Hoʻoholo:
Use molybdenum-containing materials (such as 316L), and the flow rate design is >1.5m/s e hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili sediment a pale i ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana ma waena o ka huila lima a me ke kila kalapona e hoʻoulu ai i ka galvanic corrosion.
3.2 Aakika ikaika a me ke kaiapuni kemika alkali ikaika
ʻAkaʻakika (e like me ka sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid):
Ka corrosion rate o 316L kuhiliʻole kila lima huila i sulfuric waika me ka hoʻopalekana o<15% is <0.1mm/year, but Hastelloy or titanium materials need to be used instead in hydrochloric acid environment.
Medium alkaline (e like me NaOH):
Hiki ke hoʻohana paʻa ʻia ke kila kila Austenitic ma kahi o 50% a ma lalo o 105 degere, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka alkali ikaika i ke koʻikoʻi i ka corrosion cracking (SCC), a pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kaʻina hana wela.
3.3 Nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka wela haʻahaʻa
Kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe (>300 degere):
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka huila kila kila 304 ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe mau, e alakaʻi ana i ka corrosion intergranular, a pono nā mea kalapona haʻahaʻa (304L) a i ʻole stabilized (321).
Nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e like me -196 degere wai nitrogen lako):
Austenitic stainless steel (e like me 316L) ʻaʻohe hoʻololi anu, a ʻo ka hopena paʻa o ka paʻa ʻana he 80%, kūpono ia no nā huila lima kīwī kūlohelohe.
4. ʻO ke ʻano hana ʻino a me ka hoʻolālā pale
Nā ʻano hemahema maʻamau:
Pitting: Wehe ʻia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation kūloko e hana i nā ʻōhua micro-, ka mea maʻamau i nā kaiapuni chlorine kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka molybdenum a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili (e like me PTFE).
ʻO ka pohā ʻinoʻino (SCC):Ma lalo o ka hana hui o ka chloride a me ke koʻikoʻi tensile, hiki i ka 10⁻⁶ mm / s ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o 316L handwheel ma NH4Cl, a pono e pale ʻia ke koena o ke kaumaha.
ʻenehana pale:
Palekana Cathode: E hoʻouka i nā poloka zinc i loko o ka wai kai e hoʻemi i ka hiki o ka huila lima ma lalo o -0.85V (vs. SCE).
Palekana pale: Hoʻohana ʻia ka uhi ʻana o ka plasma spraying Al₂O₃, me ka pale wela o 800 degere a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka corrosion o 90%.
5. Nā hihia noi ʻoihana a me ke alakaʻi koho
ʻOihana Kimia:
Hoʻohana ka phosphoric acid reactor o kahi mea kanu kemika i ka 254SMO super stainless steel handwheels, a ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kona ola lawelawe i 10 mau makahiki ma kahi kaiapuni o 85 degere a me 40% phosphoric acid.
ʻenehana moana:
Hoʻohana ka huila lima o ka pahu o ka ʻaila ʻaila i ka duplex stainless steel 2205, nona ka paʻakai paʻakai paʻakai ʻoi aku ka 3 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka 304, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pōʻai mālama i 5 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻāpana koho:
Hoʻohālikelike Media: E nānā i ka waiwai PREN (PREN=%Cr+3.3×%Mo+16×%N), kūpono ʻo PREN＞35 no ke kaiapuni chlorine kiʻekiʻe.
Nā waiwai mīkini: Pono ka paʻakikī o nā huila lima 316L e hōʻea i ka HV150-200 e pale i ka deformation a me ka pau ʻole o ka sila.
6. Nā ʻano hoʻomohala ʻenehana i ka wā e hiki mai ana
Nā huila lima nānā naʻauao:
Nānā nā mea ʻike corrosion i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka impedance membrane i ka manawa maoli, a e ʻōlelo aku i nā pilikia corrosion ma o ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kaiapuni:
E hoʻomohala i nā kaʻina hana passivation manuahi (e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka silane) e hōʻemi i ka pollution chromium hexavalent a e hoʻokō i ke kuhikuhi RoHS.
Nā noi mea hoʻohuihui:
He 50% ka pi'i 'ana o ka ikaika a he 30% ka ho'emi 'ana o ke kaumaha o na huila lima kila (CF-SS) i ka pulupulu kalapona, a ua kupono ia no na lako aerospace pololei.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino o nā huila kila kila ma muli o ke koho ʻana i nā mea waiwai, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni. Ma nā wahi ʻino e like me ka moana a me nā kinikini, 316L a me ka duplex stainless steel e hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ma o ka pale kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka alloy, akā e makaʻala i ka pitting a me ke koʻikoʻi i ka pōʻino. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā akamai a me nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni e hāpai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā huila lima i ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama haʻahaʻa. Pono ke koho kūpono i ka noʻonoʻo piha ʻana i nā ʻano waena, nā ukana mīkini a me nā kumu kumu kūʻai e hoʻonui ai i ka hana o ke ola holoʻokoʻa.
Huahana Huahana
1: He aha ke ʻano o ke kila kila i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huila kila kila?
A1: Hana pinepine ʻia nā huila kila kila mai nā māka e like me 304 a me 316 stainless steel no ko lākou pale ʻana a me ka lōʻihi.
2: He aha nā koho hoʻopau ili i loaʻa no nā huila lima kila?
A2: ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili maʻamau e loaʻa nā ʻili i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia, palaki, a i ʻole electropolished, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻoluʻolu a nani hoʻi.
3: Hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia ka hoʻolālā a me nā ana o nā huila kila kila e kūpono i nā noi kikoʻī?
A3: ʻAe, hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia nā huila lima ma ke ʻano o nā ana, nā ʻano, ka nui o ka nui, a me nā kaha kaha ʻia e pili ana i nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku.
4: He aha ka haawe-hiki i nā huila lima kila kuhiliʻole, a pehea ka lōʻihi o ia mau huila ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole?
A4: Hoʻolālā ʻia nā huila lima kila kila e kū i nā ukana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou nui a me ke kūkulu ʻana. Uaʻikeʻia lākou no ko lākou lōʻihi a me ke kū'ē i kaʻaʻahu a me ka waimaka.
